How will the temporary ceasefire between Israel and Hamas work?

A temporary ceasefire agreement to facilitate the release of dozens of people taken hostage during Hamas’ raid on Israel is expected to bring the first respite to Palestinians in Gaza and a glimmer of hope to the families of the captives.

After hitting a last-minute snag, the deal – which was brokered by Qatar, the US and Egypt – took effect on Friday, a day later than originally planned.

– What’s in the deal?

Qatar announced that 50 hostages will be released in exchange for what Hamas said would be 150 Palestinian prisoners held by Israel. Those freed by both sides will be women and minors.

The plan is for the hostages, part of the 240 people abducted last month, to be released in bursts throughout the four-day ceasefire. Once the first batch is released, Israel is expected to free the first group of Palestinian prisoners.

Those prisoners include many teenage boys detained during a wave of violence in the West Bank in 2022 or 2023 and charged with offences such as stone-throwing or disturbing public order, according to a list of eligible prisoners published by Israel’s Justice Ministry.

Israel holds nearly 7,000 Palestinians accused or convicted of security offences.

Israel said the truce would be extended by a day for every 10 additional hostages released.

Qatar said Israel would also allow more fuel and humanitarian aid into Gaza, but did not provide details.

Hamas said hundreds of trucks carrying humanitarian aid and fuel are to be allowed to enter Gaza every day as part of the deal. Supplies would also reach northern Gaza, the focus of Israel’s ground offensive, for the first time, Hamas said.

Israel’s government statement did not refer to increased aid and fuel deliveries. Israeli Channel 12 TV reported that as part of the deal, Israel will allow a “significant” amount of fuel and humanitarian supplies into Gaza, but did not specify how much.

Israel has severely limited the amount of aid, especially fuel, allowed into Gaza during the war, prompting dire shortages of water, food and fuel to run generators.

The fighting is expected to come to a temporary halt: Israeli jets and troops will hold their fire while militants are expected to refrain from firing rockets at Israel.

Hamas said Israel’s warplanes would stop flying over southern Gaza during the truce and for six hours daily over the north. Israel made no mention of halting flights and it was not clear if this would include its sophisticated intelligence drones, which have been a constant presence over Gaza.

– What has been left out?

While several families will be thrilled to have their loved ones back, a significant number of hostages will likely remain in Hamas captivity, including men, women, older people and foreign nationals.

The families who are not included in the current deal are likely to keep up the pressure on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to try to secure their own loved ones’ release with a future deal.

Mr Netanyahu said on Wednesday that under the deal, the International Committee of the Red Cross will visit the remaining hostages and provide them with any medicine they need. Neither Hamas nor the Red Cross confirmed that.

While the ceasefire will grant Palestinians in Gaza a brief calm, the hundreds of thousands who have fled the combat zone and headed south are not expected to be able to return home. Israeli troops are expected to remain in their positions in northern Gaza.

– What are the possible implications of the deal?

The deal involves only a short break in the fighting. Israel, which has made destroying Hamas and saving the captives its goals, is expected to continue where it left off once the ceasefire ends.

Mr Netanyahu said that the ceasefire will allow the army to prepare for the continued fighting and will not harm its war effort — and that the war would continue once it expires.

When it does, airstrikes will likely resume and troops will continue their push throughout northern Gaza before their expected foray into the south at an unknown time.

A break in fighting would also grant Hamas time to shift around militant positions and perhaps regroup after Israel claimed it had killed large numbers of fighters and destroyed many of the group’s military assets.

Yehya Sinwar, the Hamas leader in Gaza and presumed mastermind of the October 7 attack, could also try to turn a four-day pause in fighting into a longer ceasefire by offering to release more hostages.

A longer truce would make it harder for Israel to restart the war, both operationally and in the eyes of global public opinion.

The Israeli government would face growing domestic pressure to secure the release of more hostages.