Biden commutes 37 out of 40 US federal death sentences

US President Joe Biden has announced that he is commuting the sentences of 37 of the 40 people on federal death row in America, converting their punishments to life imprisonment.

The move comes just weeks before President-elect Donald Trump, an outspoken proponent of expanding capital punishment, takes office.

The move spares the lives of people convicted of killings, including the slayings of police and military officers, people on federal land and those involved in deadly bank robberies or drug deals, as well as the killings of guards or prisoners in federal facilities.

It means just three federal inmates are still facing execution.

They are Dylann Roof, who carried out the 2015 racist killings of nine black members of Mother Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina, the 2013 Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and Robert Bowers, who fatally shot 11 congregants at Pittsburgh’s Tree of life Synagogue in 2018, the deadliest antisemitic attack in US history.

Mr Biden said: “I’ve dedicated my career to reducing violent crime and ensuring a fair and effective justice system. Today, I am commuting the sentences of 37 of the 40 individuals on federal death row to life sentences without the possibility of parole.

“These commutations are consistent with the moratorium my administration has imposed on federal executions, in cases other than terrorism and hate-motivated mass murder.”

In 2021, the Biden administration announced a moratorium on federal capital punishment to study the protocols used, which suspended executions during Mr Biden’s term.

But Mr Biden had actually promised to go further on the issue in the past, pledging to end federal executions without the caveats for terrorism and hate-motivated, mass killings.

While running for president in 2020, Mr Biden’s campaign website said he would “work to pass legislation to eliminate the death penalty at the federal level, and incentivise states to follow the federal government’s example”.

Similar language did not appear on Mr Biden’s re-election website before he left the presidential race in July.

“Make no mistake: I condemn these murderers, grieve for the victims of their despicable acts, and ache for all the families who have suffered unimaginable and irreparable loss,” Mr Biden’s statement said.

“But guided by my conscience and my experience as a public defender, chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, vice president, and now president, I am more convinced than ever that we must stop the use of the death penalty at the federal level.”

He also took a political jab at Mr Trump, saying: “In good conscience, I cannot stand back and let a new administration resume executions that I halted.”

Indeed, Mr Trump, who takes office on January 20, has spoken frequently of expanding executions. In a speech announcing his 2024 campaign, Mr Trump called for those “caught selling drugs to receive the death penalty for their heinous acts”.

He later promised to execute drug and human smugglers and even praised China’s harsher treatment of drug peddlers. During his first term as president, Mr Trump also advocated for the death penalty for drug dealers.

There were 13 federal executions during Mr Trump’s first term, more than under any president in modern history, and some may have happened fast enough to have contributed to the spread of the coronavirus at the federal death row facility in Indiana.

Those were the first federal executions since 2003. The final three occurred after Election Day in November 2020 but before Mr Trump left office the following January, the first time federal prisoners were put to death by a lame-duck president since Grover Cleveland in 1889.

Mr Biden faced recent pressure from advocacy groups urging him to act to make it more difficult for Mr Trump to increase the use of capital punishment for federal inmates.

The President’s announcement also comes less than two weeks after he commuted the sentences of roughly 1,500 people who were released from prison and placed on home confinement during the Covid-19 pandemic, and of 39 others convicted of non-violent crimes, the largest single-day act of clemency in modern history.

The announcement also followed the post-election pardon that Mr Biden granted his son Hunter on federal gun and tax charges after long saying he would not issue one, sparking an uproar in Washington.

The pardon also raised questions about whether he would issue sweeping pre-emptive pardons for administration officials and other allies who the White House worries could be unjustly targeted by Mr Trump’s second administration.

Martin Luther King III, who publicly urged Mr Biden to change the death sentences, said in a statement issued by the White House that the President “has done what no President before him was willing to do: take meaningful and lasting action not just to acknowledge the death penalty’s racist roots but also to remedy its persistent unfairness”.

Donnie Oliverio, a retired Ohio police officer whose partner was killed by one of the men whose death sentence was converted, said the execution of “the person who killed my police partner and best friend would have brought me no peace”.

“The President has done what is right here,” Mr Oliverio said in a statement also issued by the White House, “and what is consistent with the faith he and I share.”