Omicron shows need for global accord on pandemics, says WHO chief

The World Health Organisation is pushing for an international accord to help prevent and fight future pandemics amid the emergence of the worrying new Omicron variant of Covid-19.

WHO’s director-general, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said on Monday that many uncertainties remained about just how transmissible and severe infection by the highly mutated Omicron might be.

The director-general joined leaders including the outgoing German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, and Chilean President Sebastian Pinera for a long-planned and largely virtual special session of the UN health agency’s member states at the World Health Assembly.

The gathering is aimed at devising a global action plan towards preventing, preparing for and responding to future pandemics.

“The emergence of the highly mutated Omicron variant underlines just how perilous and precarious our situation is,” Dr Ghebreyesus said, calling for a legally binding agreement that was not mentioned in a draft text seeking consensus on the way forward. “Indeed, Omicron demonstrates just why the world needs a new accord on pandemics.”

“Our current system disincentivises countries from alerting others to threats that will inevitably land on their shores,” he said, saying that South Africa and Botswana — where the new variant was detected — should be praised and not “penalised” for their work. That was an allusion to travel restrictions announced by many countries on air travel to and from the region.

Dr Ghebreyesus said WHO scientists and others around the world were working urgently to decipher the threat posed by the new variant, saying: “We don’t yet know whether Omicron is associated with more transmission, more severe disease, more risk of infections, or more risk of evading vaccines.”

The world should now be “wide awake” to the threat of the coronavirus, “but Omicron’s very emergence is another reminder that although many of us might think we are done with Covid-19, it’s not done with us,” he added.

A draft resolution set to be adopted by the World Health Assembly stops short of calling for work towards specifically establishing a “pandemic treaty” or “legally binding instrument” sought by some, which could beef up the international response when — not if — a new pandemic erupts.

European Union member countries and others had sought language calling for work towards a treaty, but the US and a few other countries countered that the substance of any accord should be worked out first before any such document is given a name.

A “treaty” would suggest a legally binding agreement that could require ratification — and would probably incur domestic political haggling in some countries.

Ms Merkel, whose 16-year tenure is likely to end next week, called for “reliable financing” for the WHO and increased contributions to the UN agency from its member states, while alluding to the EU position in favour of a binding agreement.

“The catastrophic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of health and the economy ought to be a lesson to us,” she said by video message. “Viruses know no national borders. That’s precisely why we should lay down measures to be taken to improve prevention, early detection, and response in internationally binding fashion.”

Britain’s ambassador in Geneva, Simon Manley, tweeted a copy of the draft text that was agreed by consensus — as required under WHO rules on such issues — and praised Chile and Australia for their work as co-chairs.

“The #Omicron variant shows yet again why we need a common understanding of how we prepare for and respond to pandemics, so we’re all playing by the same rules,” he wrote.

The draft makes no reference to the word “treaty” but, among other things, calls for the creation of an “intergovernmental negotiating body” among WHO member states to work out a possible deal to improve pandemic prevention, preparedness and response.

The three-day meeting that began on Monday amounts to a long-term approach: Any UN-backed agreement is likely to take many months, if not years, to be concluded and come into effect.

But it comes as many countries have been scrambling to address the emergence of Omicron, which has led to travel bans across the world and which sent tremors through stock markets on Friday.