Non-alcoholic wine and gluten-free bread cannot be used during holy communion, the Church of England has ruled.

9 February 2025, 21:37

The governing body of the Church of England has ruled that non-alcoholic wine and gluten-free bread cannot be used during holy communion.

Non-alcoholic wine and gluten-free bread cannot be used during holy communion, the governing body of the Church of England has ruled.

Church guidance says the bread must be made using wheat flour and wine must be the fermented juice of the grape in order to be consecrated as part of the service.

In papers published ahead of the Church's General Synod, also known as its parliament, which opens on Monday, the barrier for anyone who cannot consume wheat flour or alcohol was described as an "injustice".

Holy communion is one of the central sacraments of the Christian faith, with the bread and wine given to the congregation symbolising the body and blood of Christ.

Wheat flour can be processed to remove substantial amounts of gluten and alcohol can be removed after the fermentation process, but a residue will always remain.

Bread alternatives made from rice or potato flour are not allowed to be substitutes.

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The Church's governing body came under fire from Synod member Reverend Canon Alice Kemp, who asked: "Can consideration be given to enable the legal use of gluten-free and alcohol-free elements at the eucharist to remove the injustice of this exclusion?

"Both priests and congregants who are unable to consume gluten and/or alcohol are forced to receive in one kind only or may be prohibited from receiving both elements if they are unable to consume both gluten and alcohol," she said.

Michael Ipgrave, the Bishop of Lichfield and chairman of the Church's Liturgical Commission, said such a move would have to overturn two settled positions in the Church of England.

"First, that bread made with wheat and the fermented juice of the grape are the elements to be consecrated in holy communion; and second, that receiving holy communion in one kind in a case of necessity is not an 'exclusion' but full participation in the sacrament, as often practised in the communion of the sick, or with children," Mr Ipgrave said.

"Indeed, even believers who cannot physically receive the sacrament are to be assured that they are partakers by faith of the body and blood of Christ, and of the benefits he conveys to us by them," he added.