Explained the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan: What we know and what's next
17 August 2021, 12:27 | Updated: 17 August 2021, 12:28
Taliban fighters have swept across Afghanistan taking control of key cities, but what is the history and what is next for the country?
The Taliban have seized power in Afghanistan two weeks before the US was set to complete its troop withdrawal after a costly two-decade war.
The insurgents stormed across the country, capturing all major cities in a matter of days, as Afghan security forces trained and equipped by the US and its allies melted away.
LBC looks at what happened and what comes next:
What is happening in Afghanistan?
The Taliban, a militant group that ran the country in the late 1990s, has again taken control.
The US-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 ousted the insurgents from power, but they never left.
After they blitzed across the country in recent days, the Western-backed government that has run the country for 20 years collapsed.
Afghans, fearing for the future, are racing to the airport, one of the last routes out of the country.
Why are people fleeing the country?
They are worried that the country could descend into chaos or the Taliban could carry out revenge attacks against those who worked with the US or the government.
Many also fear the Taliban will reimpose the harsh interpretation of Islamic law that they relied when they ran Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001.
Back then, women were barred from attending school or working outside the home.
They had to wear the all-encompassing burka and be accompanied by a male relative whenever they went outside.
The Taliban banned music, cut off the hands of thieves and stoned adulterers.
The Taliban have sought to present themselves as a more moderate force in recent years and say they will not exact revenge, but many Afghans are sceptical of those promises.
Why are the Taliban taking over now?
Probably because US troops are set to withdraw by the end of the month.
The US has been trying to get out of Afghanistan, its longest war, for several years now.
US troops ousted the Taliban in a matter of months when they invaded to root out al Qaida, which orchestrated the 9/11 attacks while being harboured by the Taliban.
But it proved more difficult to hold territory and rebuild a nation battered by repeated wars.
As the US focus shifted to Iraq, the Taliban began to regroup and in recent years took over much of the Afghan countryside.
Last year, then-president Donald Trump announced a plan to pull out and signed a deal with the Taliban that limited US military action against them.
President Joe Biden then announced that the last troops would leave by the end of August.
As the final deadline drew close, the Taliban began a lightning offensive, overrunning city after city.
How did Britain's involvement in Afghanistan begin and what was the impact on British troops?
On October 7 2001, almost a month after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US, then-prime minister Tony Blair confirmed that British forces were involved in US-led military action against al Qaida training camps and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Allied air strikes began.
In November, the first UK troops were deployed to Afghanistan when Royal Marines from 40 Commando helped to secure Bagram airfield.
The 20-year war in Afghanistan saw hundreds of UK personnel suffer life-changing injuries, with more than 450 deaths recorded.
What did Boris Johnson say about Britain's final military withdrawal from Afghanistan?
Speaking in July, Mr Johnson said gains had been achieved thanks to a US-led coalition, telling MPs: "We can take pride that Britain was part of that effort from the beginning.
"Over the last two decades, 150,000 members of our armed forces have served in Afghanistan - mainly in Helmand province, which was from 2006 onwards a focus of our operation.
"In the unforgiving desert of some of the world's harshest terrain - and shoulder-to-shoulder with Afghan security forces - our servicemen and women sought to bring development and stability.
"The House would join with me in commending their achievements and pay heartfelt tribute to the 457 British service personnel who laid down their lives in Afghanistan to keep us safe."
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Why did the Afghan security forces collapse?
The short answer?
Corruption.
The US and its Nato allies spent billions of dollars over two decades to train and equip Afghan security forces.
But the Western-backed government was rife with corruption.
Commanders exaggerated the number of soldiers to siphon off resources, and troops in the field often lacked ammunition, supplies or even food.
Their morale further eroded when it became clear the US was on its way out.
As the Taliban rapidly advanced in recent days entire units surrendered after brief battles, and Kabul and some nearby provinces fell without a fight.
What happened to the president of Afghanistan?
He fled.
President Ashraf Ghani hunkered down and made few public statements as the Taliban swept across the country.
On Sunday, as they reached the capital, he left Afghanistan, saying he had chosen to leave to avoid further bloodshed.
It is not clear where he went.
Why are people comparing Afghanistan to the fall of Saigon?
The Fall of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces in 1975 marked the end of the Vietnam War.
It became an enduring symbol of defeat after thousands of Americans and their Vietnamese allies were airlifted out of the city on helicopters.
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken has rejected any comparisons to Afghanistan, saying: "This is manifestly not Saigon."
Why didn't the UK see the rapid rise of the Taliban coming?
What will happen next in Afghanistan?
It is not clear.
The Taliban say they want to form an "inclusive, Islamic government" with other factions.
They are holding negotiations with senior politicians, including leaders in the former government.
They have pledged to enforce Islamic law but say they will provide a secure environment for the return of normal life after decades of war.
But many Afghans distrust the Taliban and fear that their rule will be violent and oppressive.
One sign that worries people is that they want to rename the country the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, which is what they called it the last time they ruled.
What does the Taliban takeover mean for women?
Many fear it could mean a severe rollback of rights.
Afghan women have made major gains since the overthrow of the Taliban.
Many are worried they will once again be confined to their homes.
The Taliban have said they are no longer opposed to women attending school but have not set out a clear policy on women's rights.
Afghanistan remains an overwhelmingly conservative country, especially outside major cities, and the status of women often varied, even under Taliban rule.
Will the Taliban once again harbour al Qaida?
That is anyone's guess, but American military officials are worried.
In the peace deal signed with the United States last year, the Taliban pledged to fight terrorism and prevent Afghanistan from again becoming a base for attacks.
But the US has little leverage to enforce that.
Technological advances over the last 20 years allow the United States to target suspected militants in countries like Yemen and Somalia where it does not have a permanent troop presence.
The Taliban paid a heavy price for their role in the September 11 attacks and likely hope to avoid a repeat as they seek to consolidate their rule.
But earlier this year, the Pentagon's top leaders said an extremist group like al Qaida may be able to regenerate in Afghanistan, and officials are now warning that such groups could grow much faster than expected.
Afghanistan is also home to a so-called Islamic State group affiliate that has carried out a wave of horrific attacks targeting its Shiite minority in recent years.
The Taliban have condemned such attacks and the two groups have fought each other over territory, but it remains to be seen whether a Taliban government will be willing or able to suppress IS.
