EU and US reach deal to end Airbus-Boeing trade dispute

The United States and the European Union have reached a deal to end a damaging dispute over subsidies to rival plane makers Boeing and Airbus and phase out billions of dollars in punitive tariffs, the US trade envoy said.

US Trade Representative Katherine Tai said the two sides have come to terms on a five-year agreement to suspend the tariffs at the centre of the dispute.

She said they could be reimplemented if the US companies are not able to “compete fairly” with those in Europe.

“Today’s announcement resolves a long-standing irritant in the US-EU relationship,” Ms Tai said, as President Joe Biden met with EU leaders in Brussels.

“Instead of fighting with one of our closest allies, we are finally coming together against a common threat.”

The deal brings a fresh dose of international goodwill for Mr Biden as he heads into a potentially thorny summit on Wednesday with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

The trade dispute skyrocketed under the Trump administration, and saw tit-for-tat duties slapped on a range of companies that have nothing to do with aircraft production, from French winemakers to German cookie bakers in Europe and US spirits producers in the United States, among many others.

The US imposed what could have amounted to 7.5 billion dollars in tariffs on European exports in 2019 after the World Trade Organisation (WTO) ruled that the EU had not complied with its rulings on subsidies for Airbus, which is based in France.

The EU retaliated last November with up to four billion dollars in punitive duties after the WTO ruled that the US had provided illegal subsidies to Seattle-based Boeing.

In March, weeks after Biden had taken office, the two sides agreed to suspend the tariffs. That suspension started on March 11 for four months. The new agreement will officially go into effect on July 11.

“This really opens a new chapter in our relationship because we move from litigation to cooperation on aircraft — after 17 years of dispute,” said European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen.

“It is the longest trade dispute in the history of the WTO.”

Both sides said they would also work together to analyse and address the “non-market practices of third parties that may harm our large civil aircraft sectors,” according to the EU’s executive branch.

Ms Tai said they would cooperate “to challenge and counter China’s non-market practices in this sector in specific ways that reflect our standards for fair competition.”

Airbus, which is headquartered in France but also has centres in Germany and Spain, welcomed the agreement.

“This will provide the basis to create a level playing field which we have advocated for since the start of this dispute. It will also avoid lose-lose tariffs that are only adding to the many challenges that our industry faces,” an Airbus spokesperson said in a statement.

France’s finance and European affairs ministers also hailed the deal.

“We are now going to be able to focus on finally putting these differences behind us, and to define the conditions for fair competition on a global scale to support the aerospace sector, which is strategic for both Europe and the United States,” they said in a joint statement.

German Economy Minister Peter Altmaier described it as “an important signal for trans-Atlantic cooperation and the new beginning in trans-Atlantic relations.”

“We need fewer, and not more, tariffs, because tariffs ultimately cause damage on both sides of the Atlantic,” Mr Altmaier said in a statement.

“Today’s agreement is above all a great relief for the German exporters that had special tariffs imposed.”

Despite the breakthrough, the deal does not end the Trump-era trans-Atlantic trade row.

The former US president also slapped duties on EU steel and aluminium. That move enraged European countries, most of them Nato allies, because it was justified as a measure to protect US national security.

The so-called Article 232 proceeding both hurts European producers and raises the cost of steel for American companies. The EU retaliated by raising tariffs on products such as US-made motorcycles, bourbon, peanut butter and jeans.

But Ms von der Leyen said that to secure progress on Airbus-Boeing, the EU agreed to hold fire for six months on a set of steel and aluminium-related counter measures it could have imposed just before this summit.

She expressed cautious optimism that a deal could be reached here too by year’s end.